Platform.sh User Documentation

Define routes

Upsun Beta

Access our newest offering - Upsun!

Get your free trial by clicking the link below.

Get your Upsun free trial

You might need to control how people access your web applications, for example when you have multiple apps in one project. Or you might just want to direct requests to specific places, such as removing the www at the start of all requests.

Control where external requests are directed by defining routes in a .platform/routes.yaml file in your Git repository.

If you have a single route served by a single app, you don’t even need to configure routes in your .platform/routes.yaml. Your project then includes a default route.

Routes

Examples Anchor to this heading

These examples show how to define routes.

Default route definition Anchor to this heading

If you don’t include a file defining routes, a single default route is deployed. If you have one app to direct traffic to and its name is app, this is equivalent to the following:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{default}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: app:http

All traffic to your domain (say, https://example.com) is sent to your app. This also includes redirecting requests from http to https. It affects your default domain.

Basic redirect definition Anchor to this heading

In a basic situation, you have one app to direct traffic to. Say its name is app. And say you want to redirect requests from https://www.example.com to https://example.com.

Define your routes like this:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{default}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"

"https://www.{default}/":
    type: redirect
    to: "https://{default}/"

This affects your default domain.

You have one route that serves content (the one with the upstream) and one that redirects to the first (the one with the redirect).

Redirects from http to https are generally included by default and don’t need to be listed.

The name of the app in your app configuration determines the value for the redirect.

Multi-app route definition Anchor to this heading

The specifics of configuring the Router container for multiple applications is explored in detail in the Multiple apps documentation.

Trailing slashes Anchor to this heading

All defined routes have at least a slash in the path. So you might define routes for 2 apps named app and api as follows:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{default}":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"

"https://subdomain.example.com":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "api:http"

Both of these routes would be resolved with trailing slashes. So if you check your PLATFORM_ROUTES variable, you see the following resolved routes (assuming example.com is your default domain):

{
  "https://example.com/": {
    "primary": true,
    "id": null,
    "attributes": {},
    "type": "upstream",
    "upstream": "app",
    "original_url": "https://{default}"
  },
  "https://subdomain.example.com/": {
    "primary": false,
    "id": null,
    "attributes": {},
    "type": "upstream",
    "upstream": "api",
    "original_url": "https://subdomain.example.com"
  }
}

Route placeholders Anchor to this heading

Each route in your configuration file is defined in one of two ways:

  • An absolute URL such as https://example.com/blog
  • A URL with a placeholder such as https://{default}/blog

The available placeholders are {default} and {all}. They stand in for the custom domains you’ve defined in your project.

These domains can be top-level domains (example.com) or subdomains (app.example.com).

{default} Anchor to this heading

{default} represents your default custom domain. If you have set your default domain to example.com, example.com and {default} in your .platform/routes.yaml file have the same result for your Production environment.

You can use the {default} placeholder:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{default}/blog":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"

And you can use an absolute URL:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://example.com/blog":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"

In both cases, the URLs for your Production environment are the same.

URLs in preview environments Anchor to this heading

URLs in preview environments (development and staging types) follow a different pattern.

No matter how you have set your default domain (even if you don’t have one), using either the absolute URL or the {default} placeholder results in the same URL.

In any case, you get the same URL for a feature environment:

https://feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/blog

Note that the example.com prefix isn’t part of the generated URL.

{all} Anchor to this heading

You can also set up multiple domains for a single project. To define rules for all of them, use {all} in your template.

Say you have both example.com and example.net as domains in a project. You can then define the following routes:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{all}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"

"https://www.{all}/":
    type: redirect
    to: "https://{all}/"

The first route means you’re serving the same content at multiple domains: your app runs at both https://example.com and https://example.net.

The second route means that https://www.example.com redirects to https://example.com and https://www.example.net redirects to https://example.net.

If your project has no domains or only one, {all} behaves exactly like {default}.

If you have two routes sharing the same HTTP scheme, domain, and path and the first route is using {default} and the second is using {all}, the route using {default} takes precedence. Say you have two apps named app1 and app2 and define two routes like this:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{default}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app1:http"

"https://{all}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app2:http"

Requests to your default domain are served by app1.

Wildcard routes Anchor to this heading

Platform.sh supports wildcard routes, so you can map multiple subdomains to the same application. Both redirect and upstream routes support wildcard routes. Prefix a route with an asterisk (*), for example *.{default}. If you have configured example.com as your default domain, HTTP requests to www.example.com, blog.example.com, and us.example.com are all routed to the same endpoint.

It also works on preview environments. If you have a feature branch, it’s {default} domain looks something like: feature-def123-vmwklxcpbi6zq.us.platform.sh (depending on the project’s region). So requests to blog.feature-def123-vmwklxcpbi6zq.us.platform.sh and us.feature-def123-vmwklxcpbi6zq.eu.platform.sh are both routed to the same endpoint.

Let’s Encrypt wildcard certificates aren’t supported (they would need DNS validation). So if you want to use a wildcard route and protect it with HTTPS, you need to provide a custom TLS certificate.

Route identifiers Anchor to this heading

When your project has deployed and routes are generated, all placeholders ({default} and {all}) are replaced with appropriate domain names and any additional routes (such as redirecting HTTP to HTTPS) are created. This means the final generated routes differ by environment and so shouldn’t be hard coded in your app. These routes are available in the PLATFORM_ROUTES environment variable as a base64-encoded JSON object. They are also available within an application container from the /run/config.json file so you can maintain a high number of routes more easily.

To locate routes in a standardized fashion in any environment, you may specify an id for on each route. This identifier is the same across all environments.

Say you have two apps, app1 and app2, that you want to serve at two subdomains, site1 and site2.

You can define your routes like this:

.platform/routes.yaml
"https://site1.{default}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: 'app1:http'

"https://site2.{default}/":
    type: upstream
    id: 'the-second'
    upstream: 'app2:http'

To see the generated routes on your feature environment, run:

platform ssh -e feature 'echo $PLATFORM_ROUTES | base64 --decode | jq .'

The result is something like this:

{
    "https://site1.feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/": {
        "primary": true,
        "id": null,
        "attributes": {},
        "type": "upstream",
        "upstream": "app1",
        "original_url": "https://site1.{default}/"
    },
    "https://site2.feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/": {
        "primary": null,
        "id": "the-second",
        "attributes": {},
        "type": "upstream",
        "upstream": "app2",
        "original_url": "https://site2.{default}/"
    },
    "http://site1.feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/": {
        "to": "https://site1.feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/",
        "original_url": "http://site1.{default}/",
        "type": "redirect",
        "primary": null,
        "id": null,
        "attributes": {}
    },
    "http://site2.feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/": {
        "to": "https://site2.feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/",
        "original_url": "http://site2.{default}/",
        "type": "redirect",
        "primary": null,
        "id": null,
        "attributes": {},
    }
}

The site2 HTTPS route has an id specified as the-second, while the other routes have null for their id. You can use this id to look up the domain of the route in every environment.

Route attributes Anchor to this heading

You might want to add extra information to routes to identify them in your app. Route attributes are arbitrary key-value pairs attached to a route. This metadata has no impact on Platform.sh, but is available in the PLATFORM_ROUTES environment variable.

So you can define a route like this:

.platform/routes.yaml
"http://{default}/":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"
    attributes:
        "foo": "bar"

The attributes appear in the routes data like so:

"https://feature-t6dnbai-abcdef1234567.us-2.platformsh.site/": {
    "primary": true,
    "id": null,
    "attributes": {
        "foo": "bar"
    },
    "type": "upstream",
    "upstream": "app",
    "original_url": "https://{default}/"
}

Route limits Anchor to this heading

The maximum size of the routes document is 128ย KB, which should fit around 300 different routes. If your .platform/routes.yaml file would result in too large of a route information value, it’s rejected.

The full list of generated route information is often much larger than what’s specified in the .platform/routes.yaml file. For example, by default all HTTPS routes (and all uses of {all}) are duplicated to create HTTP redirect routes. As a general rule, you should keep to your defined routes under 100.

If your .platform/routes.yaml file is rejected for being too big, do one of the following:

Let’s Encrypt allows a maximum of 100 hostnames per certificate and 64 characters per hostname. You can have 1 Let’s Encrypt certificate for each of your environments. If you define both a {default} and a www.{default} route for each domain you use, you can add up to 50 hostnames. Going over this limitation results in a warning on deploy and no new TLS certificates are issued.

Non-default ports (other than 80 and 443) aren’t supported and can’t be included in routes configuration.

Route configuration reference Anchor to this heading

You can configure each route separately with the following properties:

Name Type Required Description
type string Yes One of the following options:
  • upstream means content is served at that route by an app and requires the upstream property to be set.
  • redirect means the route is redirected elsewhere in your project and requires the to property.
  • proxy means requests are redirected outside your project and requires the to property. See more about proxy routes.
upstream string If type is upstream The name of the app to be served (as defined in your app configuration) followed by :http. Example: app:http
to string If type is redirect The absolute URL or other route to which the given route should be redirected with an HTTP 301 status code.
ssi boolean No Whether server side includes are enabled.
redirects Object No Defines redirects for partial routes. For definition and options, see the redirect rules.
cache Object No Defines caching policies for the given route. Enabled by default. For details and options, see route caching.
id string No A unique identifier for the route. See route identifiers.
primary boolean No Whether the route is the primary route for the project. Can only be true for one route in the configuration file, but if you use the {all} placeholder, it can be true for multiple final routes. Defaults to the first defined upstream route.
tls Object No TLS configuration. See HTTPS.
attributes Object No Any key-value pairs you want to make available to your app. See route attributes.

CLI access Anchor to this heading

The Platform.sh CLI can show you the routes you have configured for an environment. These are the routes as defined in the .platform/routes.yaml file with the placeholders plus the default redirect from HTTP to HTTPS. They aren’t the final generated routes.

Run the following command:

platform environment:routes

You get output similar to:

Routes on the project Example (abcdef123456), environment main (type: production):
+---------------------------+----------+---------------------------+
| Route                     | Type     | To                        |
+---------------------------+----------+---------------------------+
| https://app.{default}/    | upstream | app:http                  |
| https://app.{default}/api | upstream | api:http                  |
| http://app.{default}/     | redirect | https://app.{default}/    |
| http://app.{default}/api  | redirect | https://app.{default}/api |
+-----------------------+----------+-------------------------------+

To view a single route, run: platform route:get <route>

Viewing a single route gives you more detailed info, such as its cache and SSI settings.

WebSocket routes Anchor to this heading

To use the WebSocket protocol on a route, cache must be disabled because WebSocket is incompatible with buffering, which is a requirement for the router caching.

  1. Define a route that serves WebSocket:
.platform/routes.yaml
"https://{default}/ws":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"
    cache:
        enabled: false

# Below HTTP config may not be necessary for every Websocket client.
# It is required for some, as only defining an HTTPS config may trigger an automatic redirect to HTTP. 
"http://{default}/ws":
    type: upstream
    upstream: "app:http"
    cache:
        enabled: false
  1. Disable request buffering in your app configuration.
.platform.app.yaml
web:
    commands:
        start: /app/.linuxbrew/bin/websocketd --port=$PORT ./wsmanager.sh
    upstream:
        socket_family: tcp
        protocol: http
    locations:
        '/':
            passthru: true
            request_buffering:
                enabled: false

.htaccess files Anchor to this heading

Platform.sh uses Nginx servers, not Apache ones. You can’t use .htaccess files with Nginx, they are therefore ignored on Platform.sh. You can accomplish the same redirect and rewrite goals with your routes and web server locations.

Is this page helpful?